online work 1 - file systems

 


file systems

what is a file system

a file system can exist in almost all forms of data storage, they are databases of information, they contain a path finder, and info about the type of file, this allows the user to know where the file is stored for quick retrieval eg. C:/Program Files (x86)/steam

similar to a paper filing system, the files are in folders, called directories, these can contain multiple files that are kept in blocks on unused storage space, known as sectors - this is known as a hierarchical file structure

metadata

metadata helps users and the device identify info about the file, it can be
  1. descriptive - this includes file name, location, size, time of last modification, and creator of the file
  2. structural - info about how it is put together, eg no of pages
  3.  administrative, info about the file type, how it was created, and who can access it
meta data can be found by going to the file, and either using alt+enter, or by right clicking and selecting the "properties option

file extensions

every file type is written in a different language, according to the application that creates it, this allows it to be only interpreted by suitable applications, examples include .exe, .pptx, .jpg, .png, etc

different types of file systems

there are 4 main reasons for having different file systems
  1. some file systems are designed for specific applications
  2. different companies will use and produce different devices, which use different file systems
  3. some devices will have greater storage capacity and/or file types
  4. different hardware store data differently
3 commonly used file systems are
  1. FAT - file allocation table can be used by windows OS, its main features include it creating two copies of the file, they need to be updated constantly, otherwise there may be data loss, and FAT systems and files are given the first available space, and have no other structure. FAT supports read only, hidden, archive file attributes and system files
  2. NTFS - New tech file system are used by windows XP and vista, it is much more efficient than FAT systems, it is the default on windows OS, it has quicker file recovery on device crash, it crates file backups, it encrypts files, and works with all versions of windows, but is read only with mac OS
  3. HPFS - high performance file system, is crated for apple products and their OS, it has longer file name support, more efficient file space use, and less data fragmentation

How is data stored

  • Data is entered into the device, and is saved in segments called sectors, these are grouped into clusters, these are necessarily next to each other, as the filing systems may use any available space, however, clusters are linked by a "chain", so the device knows where data is
  • files can be stored across multiple clusters, depending on the file size, a usual cluster can hold 4kb

File Permissions

  • NTFS allows an admin to set security permissions on files and folders, this includes permissions to read/write to files/folders, modify files and folders, or giving users full control over the file/folder

File naming

  • File naming conventions are as followed
    1. keep names short and meaningful
    2. don't use spaces
    3. avoid common words that make the file less specific
    4. use consistent formatting
    5. avoid symbols such as * @ or ?

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